Functional Structure
The Linux operating system is structured in a tree-like form and follows the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS). The main file system folders that compose the structure can be represented in the following diagram:
Common Directories
Some common directories in a Linux filesystem that play key roles in system configuration, file storage, operational functions, and performance are:
/: The root filesystem, where all of the files required to boot Linux are stored/etc: Store configuration files that are used by the operating system/etc/bash.bashrc: Script that contains bash settings/etc/passwd: List of all user accounts/etc/issue: Usually contains information about the OS/etc/crontab: Contains the cron jobs that are executed by the system/etc/shadow: Contains encrypted information about credentials
/var: Store data that is frequently accessed or written by services or applications running on the system/var/www/html: Default store for the server root folder
/root: Home directory of the root system user/tmp: Temporary files that store data that is only needed to be accessed once or twice. Once the computer is restarted, the content of this folder is cleared out/opt: Stands for optional, normally third-party software information/bin: Basic programs of Unix (binaries)/sbin: Binary programs for system administration/usr: Contain users' information/usr/bin: Installed packages and applications/usr/share: Application support and data files
/proc: Contains information about internal jobs and processes of the system/proc/version: Information about OS
/media: Where external devices are mounted
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