# Commands

In *Windows*, two built-in command-line interfaces allow users to execute **commands**, manage system settings, and automate tasks. It is important to be familiar with these utilities to fully leverage the potential of the operating system.

## <mark style="color:blue;">CMD</mark>

Known as Command Prompt, it is a command-line interpreter that allows users to execute commands from a text-based interface. It supports a wide range of commands for file manipulation, system configuration, and troubleshooting.&#x20;

Some of the commands that can be used through this interface are:

* Show the name of the system

<pre class="language-sh" data-overflow="wrap" data-line-numbers><code class="lang-sh"><strong>hostname
</strong></code></pre>

***

* Show the logged-in user

{% code overflow="wrap" lineNumbers="true" %}

```sh
whoami
```

{% endcode %}

***

* &#x20;Show the manual for a command

{% code overflow="wrap" lineNumbers="true" %}

```shell
$command /
```

{% endcode %}

***

* Show network address settings

{% code overflow="wrap" lineNumbers="true" %}

```bash
ipconfig
ipconfig /all    #Full configuration information
```

{% endcode %}

***

* Show protocol statistics and current TCP/IP network connections

{% code overflow="wrap" lineNumbers="true" %}

```sh
netstat
```

{% endcode %}

***

* Makes a ping to a machine

{% code overflow="wrap" lineNumbers="true" %}

```sh
ping -n $IPaddress
```

{% endcode %}

***

* Traces the route taken by the packets from your system to another host

{% code overflow="wrap" lineNumbers="true" %}

```bash
tracert $IPadress
```

{% endcode %}

***

* Check, modify, and assign permissions to a file or directory

{% code overflow="wrap" lineNumbers="true" %}

```bash
icacls $filename
```

{% endcode %}

## <mark style="color:blue;">PowerShell</mark>

A command-line interpreter that supports a wide range of commands for automating administrative tasks, managing complex configurations, and interacting with web services or APIs. Integrates the *.NET* framework and offers advanced scripting capabilities.&#x20;

Some of the commands for this interface are:

* Retrieves a list of currently running processes

{% code overflow="wrap" lineNumbers="true" %}

```powershell
Get-Process
```

{% endcode %}

***

* Lists all services on the system and their current status

{% code overflow="wrap" lineNumbers="true" %}

```powershell
Get-Service
```

{% endcode %}

***

* Configures the execution policy, controlling the ability to run scripts

{% code overflow="wrap" lineNumbers="true" %}

```powershell
Set-ExecutionPolicy $option
```

{% endcode %}

***

* Displays detailed help information about commands, including usage examples

{% code overflow="wrap" lineNumbers="true" %}

```powershell
Get-Help $command
```

{% endcode %}

***

* Lists the files and directories in a specified location, similar to `dir` or `ls` in other systems

{% code overflow="wrap" lineNumbers="true" %}

```powershell
Get-ChildItem $path
```

{% endcode %}

* Generate a copy of files or directories from one location to another, similar to `cp` in *Linux*

{% code overflow="wrap" lineNumbers="true" %}

```powershell
Copy-Item -Path $path -Destination $destination
```

{% endcode %}

***

* Displays the content of a file, similar to `cat` in *Linux*

{% code overflow="wrap" lineNumbers="true" %}

```powershell
Get-Content $filepath
```

{% endcode %}

***

* Creates a new file, directory, or other type of item

{% code overflow="wrap" lineNumbers="true" %}

```powershell
New-Item -Path $path -ItemType $type
```

{% endcode %}

***

* Move a file or folder, similar to `mv` in *Linux*

{% code overflow="wrap" lineNumbers="true" %}

```powershell
Move-Item -Path $path -Destination $destination
```

{% endcode %}

***

* Finds text within a file

{% code overflow="wrap" lineNumbers="true" %}

```powershell
Select-String -path $path --pattern $text
```

{% endcode %}

***

* Show the firewall rules

{% code overflow="wrap" lineNumbers="true" %}

```powershell
Get-NetFirewallRule -all
```

{% endcode %}


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