Vulnerabilities
A vulnerability is a weakness or flaw in the design or implementation of a system or application that could be exploited by an attacker to compromise its security.
Vulnerabilities can arise from a variety of sources, such as poor coding practices, outdated software, misconfigurations, lack of encryption, or weak access controls. When left unaddressed, these weaknesses can allow attackers to gain unauthorized access, execute malicious code, escalate privileges, steal sensitive data, or disrupt services.
Vulnerability vs Threat vs Risk
The relationship between vulnerabilities, threats, and risks is essential for assessing and mitigating security issues effectively. This relation exposes that by reducing vulnerabilities and implementing security controls, organizations can lower their risk exposure to a threat as follows:
These concepts can be understood as follows:
Vulnerability: A weakness in a system, process, or person that can be exploited by a threat
Threat: Any circumstance, event, or actor that can cause damage to an organization's information assets
Risk: The possibility of a threat exploiting a vulnerability and generating a negative impact. It is calculated as Risk = Probability x Impact
Impact: The negative effect a security incident can have, which can affect confidentiality, integrity, availability, or cause financial or reputational damage
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