Related Concepts
SAM: Security Account Management database, stores user passwords
NTFS: New Technology File System, in case of a failure the file system can automatically repair the folders/files on disk using information stored in a log file
EFS: Encrypted File System, provides cryptographic protection of individual files on NTFS file system volumes using a public-key system
ADS: Alternate Data Streams, file attribute only found on the NTFS file system
NTHash: Output of the algorithm used to store passwords on Windows systems in the SAM database and on domain controllers
NetNTLMv2: String specifically formatted to include the challenge and response
FAT16/FAT32: File Allocation Table, file system typically seen as partitions in USB devices, MicroSD cards
HPFS: High-Performance File System
UAC: User Account Control, controls privileges of a user to run tasks on the system. Even an administrator user has to get verification through it to run a process with root privileges
WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation, is the infrastructure for management data and operations on Windows
Environment variables: Store information about the operating system environment
TPM: Trusted Platform Module, designed to provide hardware-based, security-related functions. A TPM chip is a secure crypto-processor that is designed to carry out cryptographic operations and make devices tamper-resistant
BitLocker: Help protect user data ensuring that a computer has not been tampered with while the system was offline
Volume Shadow Copy Service: Coordinates the required actions to create a consistent shadow copy (system snapshot)
CBS: Component-Based Servicing, is a Microsoft technology used in Windows operating systems to manage the installation, updating, and removal of components in a modular way
ACLs: Access Control List, specifies which users or groups have permission to access or modify a file or directory
ACE: Access Control Entry, each entry in an ACL that defines specific permissions for a user or group
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