Fundamentals

This section encompasses the essential concepts, technologies, and protocols that serve as the backbone of modern internet applications and services. A solid grasp of these core elements is crucial for anyone looking to build, analyze, secure, or interact with websites and web-based systems.

In this section, we will explore key technologies such as:

• JavaScript, which powers dynamic and interactive content on the client side

• APIs, which enable data and functionality exchange between different systems

• WebSockets, which provide real-time, bidirectional communication capabilities

• The structure and behavior of HTML and CSS

• Persistent client storage (cookies, localStorage, sessionStorage)

• The HTTP/HTTPS protocols

• Browser concepts, such as the Document Object Model (DOM)

• Core web security concepts (SOP, CORS, CSP)

• Browser rendering and event handling fundamentals